Taking a Look at Vitamin B12 - 1574 Words

Vitamin B12, also known as cobalamin, is an essential cofactor for many processes in the human body. The vitamin is essential in the diet, meaning that the body is not capable of producing vitamin B12 or its derivatives without obtaining the raw vitamin through ingestion. Although animals cannot produce cobalamin, organisms belonging to the domains bacteria and archaea are capable of synthesizing it. Many foods are fortified with B vitamins in order to maintain vitamin levels in the population. The recommended intake of Vitamin B12 in order to maintain proper health for an average adult is 2.4 micrograms per day. The main dietary sources of the vitamin are fish, meat, dairy and fortified foods. The history of Vitamin B12 is very similar to that of other vitamins and cofactors, in that Vitamin B12 was discovered because of the disease that its deficiency causes in humans. In this particular case, the disease that led to the discovery was pernicious anemia. In 1855, the disease was first described by a doctor working at Guy’s Hospital in London named Thomas Addison in his article Disease of the Suprarenal Capsules. For this reason, pernicious anemia is also known as Addison’s anemia. At this point in time, pernicious anemia was considered to be a death sentence to those afflicted. Another seventy years passed before significant advances were made in the treatment of pernicious anemia. In 1920, Doctor William Murphy began working on experiments to find a treatmentShow MoreRelatedHealthy Eating Plan Vs. Nutrition1394 Words   |  6 Pagesfor dinner you may have grilled fish with green beans. I did my 3-day analysis and I do not eat healthy. Week 1 of the class we had to track 3 days of how do we eat. I am the type of person that will go without eating. With me working two jobs and taking summer classes I am very busy. I normally do not eat breakfast but if I do have breakfast I’ll eat a brown sugar pop tart. Some nights when I get home I may go without eating. Day 1 of me tracking what I ate was on a Monday I did not have anythingRead MoreVitamins : What Are Vitamins? Essay1315 Words   |  6 PagesWhat are vitamins? Everyone has heard of vitamins. There s a decent chance that you ve been told to take vitamins one or maybe a thousand times in your life. But what are vitamins? The exact answer to that question isn t known by very many people. What vitamins are is nutrients that are needed by an organism in order to be healthy and, in some cases, to survive. The most common types of vitamins are: Vitamin A, Vitamin B, Vitamin C, and Vitamin E. There are many different types of Vitamin B includingRead MoreThe Use of Vitamins to Battle Acne2607 Words   |  11 Pagesingesting foods and/or vitamin supplements rich with antioxidant properties will sustain health and vitalization that will reflect on the outside, affecting overall appearance. The Vitamin for Acne Guide, http://acnevitamin.org/, answers many of the questions related to acne and vitamin usage necessary to maintain skin that is healthy and blemish free. The skin, being the body’s largest organ, needs full-time care and nourishment. By ingesting the proper foods full of essential vitamins and drinking lotsRead MoreRed Meat Is Good For You1313 Words   |  6 Pagesconsuming red meat, you raise your risk of getting cancer. Fortunately, there are two sides to this controversial issue. In recent years, studies have proven that red meat is beneficial to the human body because it provides an excellent source of vitamins and minerals that are hard to intake from any other foods. When cancer researchers started increasingly blaming red meat for causing fatal health problems, meat-lovers took it upon themselves to prove that red meat is more beneficial than harmfulRead MoreIprofile Analysis1153 Words   |  5 Pagesto DRI dealing with micronutrients; I noticed my intake of Vitamin A was 88 micrograms and my DRI was 700 micrograms. I got 49% from the grilled cheese and 1% from the banana chips. To improve my Vitamin E intake I should eat more beef and cooked vegetables such as carrots. My Vitamin D intake was below the recommended range at 0 mg; I should eat more fish such as salmon or possibly find a Vitamin D supplement. My consumption of Vitamin E or Alpha-Tocopherol was an intake of 1 mg and my DRI wasRead More Adequate Nutrition in Vegetarian Diets Essay2999 Words   |  12 Pagesis a possible vitamin B12 deficiency. Next to amino acids and protein, the problem of how a vegan gets his vitamin B12 is the most controversial issue. Vitamin B12 is a crucial vitamin; a deficiency affects every cell in the body and may give rise to such symptoms as tiredness, sore tongue, breathlessness, and dyspepsia or indigestion. (Barkas 173) All of these symptoms can be prevented if every vegetarian knows and regularly consumes foods with vitamin B12. Vegans haveRead MoreAustralian Food Habits 1428 Words   |  6 Pagesthe main meals in my diet (Savige et al as cited in Ganasegeran et al, 2012). This would increase the risk of heart diseases, high LDL cholesterol and obesity (National Heart Foundation of Australia, 2009) As a student and low income earner I would look to purchase more energy dense foods to maximise the calories obtained for the money that I spend on them (French, Wall Mitchell, 2010). If this amount was to double then I would spend more of my income - around $21.00 on fresh fruits and vegetablesRead MoreAnemia Case Study Answers1331 Words   |  6 Pagesdaughter for ongoing fatigue also noted to have lost 5 pounds over past 6 months. No night sweats or fevers. Pertinent past medical history includes severe, generalized osteoarthritis, hypertension, type 2 diabetes mellitus and depression. She is taking the following medications: acetaminophen 650mg every eight hours, Lyrica 75 mg twice daily; alendronate 70 mg once weekly, valsartan 320 mg once daily, fluoxetine 40mg once daily and insulin glargine 20 units once daily. Your exam reveals slight paleRead MoreHow Do Joint Joints Vitamins And Different Bone Deficiencies?1111 Words   |  5 Pages you ve got traditionally heard of experiences of persons suffering from painful joints. For some, the situation would even be a default when you re getting old. Is there relatively no manner out of these stipulations? How do joint affliction vitamins support in such scenarios? There are numerous commercials showing more than a few joint ache nutrients. These merchandise are simply in the market in this day and age. All of them, of direction, promise to be the first-class among the quality. ItRead MoreSci 241 Week 524609 Words   |  99 Pagespantothenic acid are B vitamins needed to produce ATP from carbohydrate, fat, and protein. Vitamin B6 is important for amino acid metabolism as well as energy production. Folate is a coenzyme that is needed for cell division. Vitamin B12, only found in animal foods, is needed for nerve function and to activate folate. Vitamin C is needed to form connective tissue and acts as a watersoluble antioxidant. Vitamin A is essential for vision, and it regulates cell differentiation and growth. Vitamin D is necessary

Keeping The Psycholinguistic And Sociolinguistic...

Keeping the psycholinguistic and sociolinguistic characteristics in mind for my future classroom as well as some classrooms I have been in working with and observing students. This paper will talk about the best way I feel is to reach the linguistic needs of my students. There were about twenty-five ELL students in my classroom this past semester, however, I only worked with six. All the ELL students in my class were Spanish speakers as their first language. Although I didn’t work with these students more than once a week, I gained a good enough sense of my six students I will be keeping them in mind as I write this paper. There were five boys and one girls. I addressed their language learning needs in a few ways. I typically worked with my student during their English time during the day to help the develop their English. One way I addressed the needs of my students by making flash cards for the vocabulary words that I would be teaching my students each week. I also adjusted my speech when talking to the students for when the students were not understanding me, using simpler words. Also at times when my students were not understanding English, or felt like they were not able to write in English I let them speak in Spanish between each other to help clarify what was happening and I would let the students write in Spanish, then tell me what they were saying in English. All lesson I did with these student were in English only due to the class I was in was to help the stuntShow MoreRelatedSkripsi Bahasa Inggris16760 Words   |  68 Pagesspecifically as Presentation Method in the teaching and learning process. This study is going to reveal the process of transferring language target at Natya Language Service and Program by this following question: 1. What are the design characteristics of Presentation Method at Natya Language Service and Program like? 2. How is the practical procedure of Presentation Method at Natya Language Service and Program? This study is conducted at Natya Language Service Program for about a month

Internal External Organizational Forces Free Essays

As one of the nation’s leading wireless and technological service providers, Verizon Communications is one of the most successful examples of rapid expansion in the years since they first opened their doors in 1983. With 93. 2 million customers, Verizon has grown into a massive organization that continues to expand and change. We will write a custom essay sample on Internal External Organizational Forces or any similar topic only for you Order Now These changes are a part of the organization’s plan, but are and will continue to be influenced by Internal and external factors along the way. Organization Mission Verizon’s mission may appear simple yet to live up to this mission is no daunting ask in an industry that is rapidly changing with technology advances. They exist to provide customers with great service and communication possibilities while following their core values of integrity, respect, performance excellence, and accountability (Verizon, n. D. ). These values are expected to be followed for not only external customers but internal customers as well. To be a leader in their industry Verizon listens to customers, embraces diversity, demonstrates honesty, takes responsibility for their actions, and pursues the highest standard in their services. Verizon’s session lays the foundation for the organizational behavior that must be accepted and demonstrated from all Verizon employees. Restructuring In early fall of 2009, Verizon announced that they were restructuring two of their business groups Into one known as Verizon Hireling. This realigning was planned to capitalize new avenues for growth and to improve productivity according to Verizon which also moved marketing execution closer to the customer-facing operations (Verizon, 2009). The restructuring included a shift of seven executive positions. Although the announcement did not state how these shifts would affect other employees and reporting chains It is probably safe to say that the restructuring brought concern and questions to their minds. Reporting chain of commands and Job duties would have been affected by Verizon’s restructuring. According to Shoehorning (2008), restructuring, while needed to remain competitive within an industry, creates emotional conflict. Role, interpersonal, and intercrop are other types of conflict that can occur with change. Verizon management had to plan out how to deal with the conflict that would have been a common result of their restructuring transition phase. Competition Verizon has always been a leader and an Innovator In the wireless communication industry. But lately their sales have seen a decrease due to the popularity of Apple’s Phone and its exclusive contract with ATT. Even though the Phone and ATT aren’t the only competition they are the biggest for the top of the line smart phones. Other competitors in the cell phone market include T-mobile, Metro PC’S and Sprint. These companies compete by offering lower all inclusive plan rates and month to month contracts or pay as you go service. Even though these companies offer lower rates tenet coverage Is not as Drama as Verizon Ana Al I cross the U. S. And the world. ATT has also been widely criticized about their coverage versus Verizon’s. When Apple released the ‘phone on June 29, 2007 it revolutionized the cell phone industry and raised the bar for all other manufacturers, but the biggest hit to the competition of carriers was that the only provider of the Phone would be ATT. Research in Motion the maker of Blackberry and Verizon’s biggest seller launched their own version of the touch screen phone called the Storm which paled in comparison to the Phone. Verizon started an all out aiming against AT;T and their lack of coverage for cellular use across the country which AT;T vigorously defended but seems to be true according to reports in the magazine Consumer Reports. Verizon could be on the verge of ruling the cellular industry with the impending negotiations with Apple and allowing Verizon to sell the Phone and it could be soon since Verizon is now selling the Pad. They have also seen sales rise with the ETC touch screen phone with the Android operating system that has gone toe to toe with the Phone and offers better g coverage with Verizon. The economy has taken its Economy OLL on not only the housing market and employment but all the way down to how we live our lives on basic necessities. People have had to cut back on how they shop for groceries, cutting back or even canceling cable service and adjusting their cellular plans. This has affected Verizon by customers decreasing their plans minutes or going to a cheaper competitor that will offer the same package at a lower price. Other carriers such as Metro PC’S and Sprint offer the same package of talk, text and data plans as Verizon for half the cost but the coverage is not as good so customers are willing to give up coverage for cost. The economy has also affected the products that Verizon sells as less people are upgrading their phones and holding on to the ones they have for longer periods of time and more people are opting for monthly contracts as opposed to lengthy 2 year contracts offered by the major carriers like Verizon and ATT. Every facet of our lives has been affected by the recent economy and how we communicate is one of them. Customer Demands In recent years, Verizon has become more than Just the nation’s leading wireless service provider by simply listening to customer demands and taking notice of customer’s needs. The have expanded to providing internet service, television, wireless service, and landlines service. Verizon has been the first to address our nation’s demand for bundling services to save money and to simplify lives. There are many factors that influence how Verizon handles the demands of customers. Being that they are the nation’s leading wireless provider, the will also require a lot of support to keep customers happy. No matter what kind of service, Verizon offers customer support via phone, internet, and house calls. Customer support is available to all types of customers, residential, small business, medium genuineness, or even for enterprise government sized accounts. The size of the organization indicates that there will always be unsatisfied customers, and in recent news many of these customers have banded together to file a lawsuit against Verizon for the monthly data plans being charged when services winner down. 0 take Acton Ana TIC ten customer service approver to Verizon customers, the organization has stated that they are in the process of De-automating their telephone systems so that customers can get to a live person more easily. As a highly publicized issue, this external factor has demanded that Verizon revamp the ay they handle customer service over th e phone. Globalization Verizon’s name is not only a household name in the United States. The organization has over 300 offices in 75 countries across 6 continents of the world. There are many reasons that Verizon has chosen to take business across seas. The most obvious influence would be an internal desire to expand and prosper as a business. The second factor that leads them to globalization is the external force of growth in need for international communication. As technology and trade evolves, the need for efficient international communication has and will continue to grow significantly. Technology influences the globalization need by the way it changes the kinds of services traded. No longer are we only exporting and importing goods from countries, with the aid of technology we are seeing an increase in service trading. India has been the leading example of the need for organizations to communicate overseas. With the increase in out sourcing work to countries overseas, American countries need to communicate in order for the services to be unison. Although there has been a lot of debate over the quality of service provided by other countries, with the aid of Verizon this cultural hurdle can be nonexistent. Conclusion Although it is true that the organization’s mission, reconstruction, competition, the economy, fiscal policies, customers, and globalization will always influence how Verizon continues to develop, their original mission’s intentions. How to cite Internal External Organizational Forces, Papers

Indian Luggage Industry free essay sample

As frequency of travel is low, the luggage manufacturers are facing a unique problem of keeping their brand at the top of the mind of customers. The product is a high involvement product at the time of purchase but after the purchase the interaction with the product is limited. The Company: VIP has been the undisputed market leader in Indian luggage industry. Having launched in 1971, VIP successfully captured the luggage market dominated mainly by unorganized sector and established itself in the Indian market using product innovations, stress on quality and brand building. It was the first company in India to introduce â€Å"non reversible multi safe lock†, soft grip handle, dual action lock and central locking system. These innovations together with brand building made VIP a market leader. However in late 1990’s VIP faced a formidable threat from Samsonite. VIP was very dominant in the mid-segment but did not have presence in the luxury segment. Samsonite established its presence in the luxury segment of the market. Soon Samsonite was able to capture a market share of about 35% in the luggage market within a short period of time. Additionally, VIP faced the problem faced by most of the known brands as the brand offered more generic value preposition in the mindset of consumers. Consequently, local markets took advantage of these factors, becoming more popular and affordable. These forced VIP to carryout a re-branding exercise and formulate a new marketing strategy in 2003. The new strategy of VIP is focusing on capturing or owning the concept of â€Å"Travel†. The Company thought of the most appropriate moments of travel and decided that the â€Å"time of departure â€Å"are the most critical constituents of travel. The logo was changed to a more contemporary logo and the advertisements were changed to communicate the new positioning. The new VIP Logo launched in 2003: However despite all these efforts the Company failed to capture the premium luggage segment. Due to economic boom in India and with lot of MNC’s having presence in India, there has been a significant growth in income levels and top executives having high disposable income. These executives are always on the move, however VIP is not able to tap this market segment because of lack of premium products to cater to this segment. Now, VIP wants to enter this premium luggage segment with the following objective: â€Å"To target the high-end customers who look for well–designed stylish products â€Å" With this in mind the following marketing plan is being formulated to ensure that VIP is successful in this market segment. The Marketing Plan 1) Formulate Strategy In order to formulate effective strategy, it becomes very important for the company to know where it stands today and where and what has it to target in the future. The most effective tool of SWOT Analysis was used to carry this out. The results were as tabulated below. SWOT Analysis: Strengths: Undisputed market leader in Indian luggage industry †¢Product Innovations, stress on quality and brand building †¢Strong distribution networkWeaknesses: †¢It has failed to create barriers by keeping many categories open for competitors to enter. †¢Still not able to capture premium segment. Opportunities: †¢Huge demand for premi um luggage from high end consumers †¢Very few players in this segment †¢Premium fashion houses lack luxury luggage accessories. Threat: †¢Presence of Samsonite in premium segment †¢Traditionally, VIP has offered generic value preposition †¢Competition from unorganized sector and Chinese market Based on SWOT analysis the Company was able to identify as follows: a)There exists a significant demand for premium segment luggage b)The Company should launch a new brand for this segment as existing VIP brand had a generic value preposition. c)Existing strengths will help capitalize on successful launch for the new brand. d)Tie with an international fashion brand was essential to give it a fashion statement and fulfill the current vacuum. e)A Brand ambassador, who is a successful and very polished icon, should be approached to promote this brand. ) Business Environment Analysis Due to the lack of presence in the premium segment (specific to competitors) and the failure to create barriers for competition, by keeping many categories open, VIP should review (and prioritize) its business tactics. The key business issues, with suitable marketing strategies, are as identified below. Business Issue Summary Matrix: Business IssuePossible Marketing strategyResource requirements when the mar keting programs are assembled Position in premium consumer segmentContemporary look redefined thru logo and ads to communicate new positioning Advertisements and campaigns to reflect the new positioning Brand IdentityJoint venture with an international fashion brand. Tie-up with International brands-Delsey Footloose Product PromotionPromote thru a brand ambassadorPre-launch promotional events, e. g. fashion shows, events 3) Market Profiling Economy: †¢Indian economy on the rise because of MNC’s †¢Air travel has increased substantially because of globalisation †¢High Disposable Income available. Luggage Industry †¢Buoyant air travel industry because of cheap fares Usage of luggage has increased †¢Innovations on rise Competitor’s Profile: †¢Within the external business environment, Samsonite was the major competitor. The first reason was that Samsonite was a major player in the premium segment and secondly, VIP offered generic value proposition with traditional identity. †¢The advent of Chinese goods flooding the Indian markets is also a growing phenomenon and is being looked upon as a potential competition in this segment too. . Name:Samsonite Product:â€Å"Black Label† Luggage Range Market Share:Total 35%, out of which 10% is for the premium segment. Strategy:Launched the â€Å"American Tourister† brand to reach popular market segment and the product was perceived as international and contemporary that appealed to the new generation. Weakness:Comparatively a new entrant in the market, it was regarded as high-end as the premium segment was slowly emerging. Market segment: †¢Upper socio-economic groups –for stylish traveler †¢Young premium singles married with high disposable income †¢Jet set travelers Market Share: Capture 10% of the market share of the premium segment, valued at INR 750crores †¢Product will be priced at a premium †¢Rate of usage is predicted to increase as they are directly proportionate to current fashion and trends 4) Marketing Mix – The 4 P’s Positioning: Not for all, only for the elite Value Proposition: Where travel meets style Product: DescriptionLeather Range, Attributes High end and L uxurious, Young and Stylish, Personalized Positioning Limited Edition Price: Methodology Perceived value pricing as the product delivers value proposition.